Maximum Viable Product

Allen Pike writes:

We enthusiasts love maximal products because they inspire us and delight us. As such, we support these highly polished apps. We buy them, we write about them, we celebrate them, and we buy the t-shirt. We pay $2.99 each to try two different alternatives to the free Twitter app. These fans love what you’re making so much that they can support your business.

We call these folks prosumers. Consumer enough to care about polish, craftsmanship, and the emotion behind your product, yet still pro enough to put money where their mouth is. They are enthusiasts, either of the task at hand or of apps as a craft.

A prosumer seeks out Maximum Viable Products.

Interesting thought, although maybe more difficult to execute than minimum viable product. After all, spending the time to build out that maximum product before knowing whether anyone will pay for it is dangerous.

Given that, a lot of minimum viable products don’t implement a revenue generator, which means that the MVP isn’t testing the most important piece: will anyone pay for this? While not charging at first might have worked for Dropbox and Twitter and Facebook and a few other big companies, they also all had access to vast amounts of capital. They are the exception to the rule; we are not.

My focus is on minimum viable product to start, one that has enough to charge for so we can see the reaction, but also one that has legs and can become a maximum viable product over time. After all, I don’t want to become someone else’s feature.

Beware The Feature

There’s a story that’s been around for a couple of years now about how Drew Houston of Dropbox met with Steve Jobs. This from the Forbes article:

In December 2009 Jobs beckoned Houston (pronounced like the New York City street, not the Texas city) and his partner, Arash Ferdowsi, for a meeting at his Cupertino office. “I mean, Steve friggin’ Jobs,” remembers Houston, now 28. “How do you even prepare for that?” When Houston whipped out his laptop for a demo, Jobs, in his signature jeans and black turtleneck, coolly waved him away: “I know what you do.”

What Houston does is Dropbox, the digital storage service that has surged to 50 million users, with another joining every second. Jobs presciently saw this sapling as a strategic asset for Apple. Houston cut Jobs’ pitch short: He was determined to build a big company, he said, and wasn’t selling, no matter the status of the bidder (Houston considered Jobs his hero) or the prospects of a nine-digit price (he and Ferdowsi drove to the meeting in a Zipcar Prius).

Jobs smiled warmly as he told them he was going after their market. “He said we were a feature, not a product,” says Houston.

Houston is doing some amazing things with Dropbox, none of which I’d consider a feature. I’m certain Jobs was negotiating. But all the same, being a feature to a larger product is a recipe for being run over.

Microsoft was a company incredibly good at taking other people’s products and turning them into features. Palm, on the other hand, was horrible at it. For a company known for making personal productivity tools their apps were anything but productive. Year after year I expected Palm to add features and they never did. Many people lauded the company for not wiping out their developer community. I always thought it was just stupid.

Building a company is hard and takes a lot of luck. Some of that luck revolves around timing and partnerships and the right people picking up the product and evangelizing it. But some of that luck is that a bigger company doesn’t just run you over on their way to their next billion.

The Sacrificial Lamb

In 1997 when I started Infinity Softworks, I actually intended to write a personal money tracking application, the first of a suite of finance applications that would include investment tracking, expense tracking and more. Palm OS in those days, though, was hard to work with and I was very inexperienced in the ways of event-based software and record storage. I became very frustrated very quickly and started looking for another project to work on that would be easier to implement and decided to write a financial calculator. I could use the simple storage mechanism (preferences) instead of a database and could focus on understanding event-based programming specifically and Palm OS in general.

It took a while and a number of things happened to slow me down, but eventually I completed the app and started thinking about selling it. To you youngsters you may not realize this but once upon a time how we sold apps was less clear cut. There wasn’t just an app store to upload it to and be done. We could package our own apps on floppy disc or CD selling them directly, we could build and sell off our own websites, we could find a partner to take us into retail, we could sell through a few online locations. We did the obvious stuff, creating a site, uploading to various online resellers, and setting up an 800 number to take orders and mail those out [1].

Retail, though, had the most potential in those days. There were two retail channels we considered: physical stores (like CompUSA and Office Depot) and catalog stores (like MacMall) [2]. There were huge risks and huge rewards but just like the app stores now, every retail outlet was clamoring for things to sell next to those hot selling PalmPilots. We had no money to do it, though, and it took a lot of money.

Lucky for me, my business partner at the time grew up in Silicon Valley and his dad sold software for large companies. He agreed to help us with our first deal and found that Macmillan Digital Publishing was doing Palm shareware packs and selling them through retail stores. Instead of us building our own retail presence, he helped us get our first deal — one of seven apps in the PalmPilot Business Pack.SWBUSPALM

At the time we only had one app, an app that came to be known as FCPlus Professional, a full-featured entry-level financial calculator. I fretted over including the entire application in the Business Plus Pack as it was our only potential source of revenue at the time and, after six months of working on it, I hadn’t made a penny yet.

“You may need a sacrificial lamb,” my partner’s dad told us.

I remember having no clue what he meant so he explained it to us. We may need to consider a version of our app that we could use for promotional purposes. We’d give the app away for free (or make little money off it) with the hope of selling other complementary products. He also thought the potential was there to sell the app to a third-party outright, and then use those proceeds to build other things we wanted to do. So instead of bundling FCPlus Professional, we designed a slightly lesser version called FCPlus and bundled it with Macmillan’s packs. It was a fully working financial calculator, just with less features than the Pro version. We didn’t make that version available for purchase directly from us or anyone else at the time, but we did offer half-price upgrades to those who had it.

Six months after we launched FCPlus with Macmillan, Palm came calling. They were going to put together an add-on pack of software and bundle it with every device. There were two available financial calculators on the market, ours and a competitor. They wanted ours but if we didn’t agree to give it to them (yes, give) they would go to the competitor. We were backed into a corner.

bonus pack

The “sacrificial lamb” comment came right back to me again. We reluctantly agreed to include FCPlus with every Palm sold, feeling like we had no choice. It turned out to be a very smart move on our part and over time we figured out how to make the freemium model work for us. [3]

Fast forward 15 years and Infinity Softworks as a company is in a massive transition. Over the next few months we will release a version of powerOne calculator that looks and feels right on iOS 7, re-designed and developed from the ground up, and a new application that we think is our future, an app that is the culmination of 16 years of learning about how people work with numbers and how we can improve that process.

I can’t help but think about those words once again: “You may need a sacrificial lamb.”

[1] We didn’t sell electronically off our site, though. In the early days we couldn’t get online credit card processing so the website form came to us via email and then we entered the card manually into the machine in a closet. Very secure!

[2] Almost all of those retail stores are gone now, and the ones that remain don’t sell much software anyway.

[3] Although it wasn’t known by that term for almost another decade.

What I Learned As An Oompa Loompa

Interesting post from Elaine Wherry discussing her time helping her husband get a chocolates business up and running.

My husband, Todd, and his co-founder, Cam, had spent the last few years building chocolate machines and scouting the world for great cocoa beans in an effort to open a micro-batchchocolate factory in San Francisco’s Mission District. The construction crew finished converting the brick automotive garage to a food-safe bean-to-bar workshop and it was time to figure out the nitty gritty details like moving, merchandising, and designing the café & retail space. Todd needed all the help he could get and I was happy to pitch in during those critical months. Now that I’ve come up for air and returned to tech projects, I’ve had time to reflect on what I learned from brick-and-mortar operations:

What follows are her lessons learned. In short, why she won’t complain about writing code ever again.

I particularly liked lesson #6:

With Meebo, our business model went something like this: we built a product that people like. We monetized a fraction of those eyeballs with brand advertising. We tracked the percentage of users who clicked an ad and logged their engagement times. However, since correlating brand advertising with bottom line revenue is nearly impossible online, we also monitored ad partnership renewals. If all of those metrics were healthy, we were happy. (~60 words)

At Dandelion Chocolate, the business model is: we make and sell chocolate. (5 words)

It’s so much easier to build a sustainable organization around a simple revenue model. There are no tensions between ad partners, distribution sites, engineering, and sales teams. There are fewer points of failure. Instead, everyone is aligned towards a simple goal: make something people want.

Yeah… our best models do tend to get a little convoluted here in tech world.

New Tech Means New Winners

Chris Dixon wrote a very smart piece on mobile this weekend. A lot of the things he talked about are things I’ve talked about. One I haven’t talked about as much, but have been thinking about, is based on this excerpt:

If you go back and look at the history of productivity apps you’ll see that each major user interface shift led to new classes of productivity apps.

Actually, each generation of technology has meant a new winner, not just new apps. In the hardware days, it was HP calculators. In the DOS prompt days it was Lotus 1-2-3. In the mouse days it was Excel. Something will dominate in the touch era.

Same is true for word processing. In the DOS days it was Wordperfect and in the mouse days it was Word.